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states, ratified the International
Pact on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (three years
before the input of the Pact in to action).
But most of the already declarated by Ukraine social and economic
rights are not provided. Our country now can't provide citizens
with certain life standard.
In 1990-1993 the Supreme Council accepted some laws, which
should become the guarantor of social protection of the
population: the laws "On the Status and Social Protection of
Citizens Damaged as a Consequence of Chernobyl Accident", "On
Employment of the Population", "On the Bases of Social
Protection of Invalids", "On the State Help to Families with
Children" etc. But in practice these laws were not realized.
A characteristic feature of the modern social and economic
situation in Ukraine is constant decrease of the level of life
of the majority of the population, which is under pressure of
inflationary processes and recession of manufacture.
Today mass misery of the population is the factor, which
considerably influences the formation of consciousness of
people, of their attitude to updating of society. The success
and the prospects of reforms in Ukraine depend on whether the
existing political parties and movements will manage to ensure
social support of reforms. The experience of the last years
testifies that conditions for occurrence and constant
reproduction of subjects of a market economy are extremely
slowly created, and they are deformed by the crisis phenomena in
our economy.
The second president of Ukraine - Leonid Kuchma tried to
stabilize economic situation, but it seems that he failed. Now
Ukrainian economy is a market economy due to reforms of the last
three years. It seems to be a great success but it is not a
great success because now it's clear that nobody can stop the
catastrophic recession of manufacture.
The growth of indiffirence of social layers testifies to
formation rather specific relations between authorities and
population - relations of parallel existing and
non-interference.
Among economic rights of the person the central place takes the
right to property. Unfortunately and so far legislation has
no norms of equal and reliable protection of the property of all
subjects of economic activity. Diffirent norms concerning the
property are contradicting each other.
FREEDOM OF VOICE
Today in Ukraine a distribution of separate periodic editions is
forbidden. It is done by local representative authorities,
infringing the legislation.
Despite the existence of the laws about the information, press and
TV, the access of journalists to the primary sources still
remains problematic, and sometimes - impossible, if it touchs
interests of the officials.
There are a lot of examples such as the accident with the famous TV
program. Broadcast of one of its releases was prohibited by the
Supreme Council despite the legislation because of a scene in
Parliament. And there are a lot of journalists which insult
officials and famous persons. This situation witnesses the low
level of culture of our journalists and deputies.
Freedom of voice in Ukraine has not reached an appropriate level
yet. Real freedom of word is possible only with the conformity
of the whole current legislation with international norms and
creation of state gears of regulation.
CONCLUSIONS
The creation of the united legal space in Europe imposes on
Ukraine new, difficult obligations to edit the norms
of the legislation, coordination of rules of judicial
practice with the existing universal and regional agreements.
Development of normative base and gears of its realization in
the international right considerably advances appropriate
Ukrainian parameters of all directions. Therefore it is
necessary to update the legislation up to a modern european
level. All european international legal system is generated as a
system of protection of human rights. Meanwhile the legislation
of Ukraine is a system of protection of interests of the state.
Ukrainian Constitution should guarantee, instead of declare
the right to life, freedom of voice and free realization of it,
to ideological, religious and cultural freedom, freedom to
participate in political life and management, right to strike, right to
property indemnification of moral losses, caused by illegal
actions of state bodies, officials, right to leave the country
and to come back to it and so on. The named rights are new for
Ukraine and are usual for world practice.
The problem of human rights in Ukraine is difficult, multiplan.
Serious work on adaptation of the current legislation to
principles and norms of the international legislation is carried
out. You have paid attention how frequently at disputes the
national deputies refer to articles of this or that
international agreement. Today they do not practically consider
bills, if they mention rights of citizens and have not
previously passed the examinations of international experts.
In case of especially difficult bills, for example on
citizenship, they address or may addreaa an appropriate
structure of international organizations and, especially, UNO
with the request to grant the consulting help at preparation of
the legal act.
All the already adopted acts are now being analized for their
conformity to the international standards and international
obligations of Ukraine. There are enough frequently accepted
laws on amendments and additions to the acting laws.
Before the Declaration of Independence we had not any periodic
editions, directly devoted to the questions of human rights.
Today more than ten of periodic editions are devoted to this
theme. National and international conferences, round tables,
seminars etc. are devoted to the questions of human rights.
There is much work to do but now we have a few results.
RESUME
Ukraine has a lot of problems now. One of them is the situation in human
rights sphere. Many international pacts, agreements and conventions on
human rights and freedoms were signed. There was considerably
improved the integration of Ukraine in the international
right-defence gear, real steps to increase the warranties of
fulfillment of international obligations in human rights sphere
were made.
But it is insufficient. The infrigments of human rights by state
bodies and officials are numerous. Common to the international
practice norms are unknown in Ukraine (or regulary abused). The
already declared rights can not be supported because of the
global economic crisis.
Today mass misery of the population is the factor, which
considerably influences the formation of consciousness of
people, of their attitude to updating of society. The success
and the prospects of reforms in Ukraine depend on whether
existing political parties and movements manage to ensure social
support of reforms. The experience of the last years testifies
that conditions for occurrence and constant reproduction of
subjects of a market economy are extremely slowly created, and
they are deformed
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