Ðåëèãèÿ Äðåâíåãî Åãèïòà

Ìîñêîâñêèé Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé Óíèâåðñèòåò Êóëüòóðû

ôàêóëüòåò ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈß È ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÒÈÊÈ

Ðåôåðàò

íà òåìó:

«Ðåëèãèÿ Äðåâíåãî Åãèïòà»

Ñòóäåíòà 1 êóðñà 112 ãð.

Ìåùåðÿêîâà Îëåãà

Ìîñêâà, 1998

Ñîäåðæàíèå:

1. Ââåäåíèå 2

2. Äðåâíåéøèå ìåñòíûå êóëüòû è ñëåäû òîòåìèçìà 3

3. Îáúåäèíåíèå ñòðàíû è îáùååãèïåòñêèå áîãè 5

4. Çåìëåäåëü÷åñêèå êóëüòû 7

5. Îáîæåñòâëåíèå öàðÿ 8

6. Ïîãðåáàëüíûé êóëüò 9

7. Âåðà â çàãðîáíîå âîçäàÿíèå 12

8. Ìèôîëîãèÿ 14

9. Ìàãèÿ 16

10. Ðîñò æðå÷åñòâà 17

11. Èçìåíåíèÿ â åãèïåòñêîé ðåëèãèè 20

12. Ñïèñîê èñïîëüçóåìîé ëèòåðàòóðû 22

Ââåäåíèå

Ïb___9_àÓb_-ã³_ÐÏb___b_________________OJ__QJ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ðåâíåé Ãðåöèè è Ðèìà. À Åãèïåò — ýòî óæå ýêçîòèêà, òàèíñòâåííûé Âîñòîê.

Ïb___9_àÓb_-ã³_ÐÏb___³_________________OJ__QJ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________îòîðîå ïðåñëåäóåò ïî÷èòàòåëåé åäèíîãî Áîãà, â íàðîäíûõ äóõîâíûõ ñòèõàõ ñîäåðæàòñÿ óïîìèíàíèÿ î Åãèïòå êàê ñðåäîòî÷èè äðåâíåé ïðåìóäðîñòè. Â íåêîòîðûõ èç íèõ óöåëåëî äàæå íàçâàíèå «ñòðàíà Êåìè» — èìåííî òàê íàçûâàëè Äðåâíèé Åãèïåò ñàìè åãèïòÿíå.

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___(þb_À‰û¿€Œû¿ÿÿÿÿÔÏb_¬J÷¿____nóG_ZlG_èÓb_èÏb_€®¶_|Ób__Ðb_dß³_h‹D_ØðG_ ___XØb_€®¶_õ___0Ôb_=è³____hÐb_____0Ðb_ÊgÉ_____hÐb_____hÐb_È___LÐb_vgÉ_____hÐb_š___ö___÷___lÐb_ûSÉ_____hÐb_____IÊ¶_____vÚG_ìÓb_ìÓb__g³_êÓb_Ë_¶_IÊ¶_Ë___vÊ__¬Ê__PÚ__Èß__Êß__¦ç__ºç______‑___(þb_À‰û¿€Œû¿ÿÿÿÿÔÏb_¬J÷¿____nóG_ZlG_èÓb_èÏb_€®¶_|Ób__Ðb_dß³_h‹D_ØðG_ ___XØb_€®¶_õ___0Ôb_=è³____hÐb_____0Ðb_ÊgÉ_____hÐb_____hÐb_È___LÐb_vgÉ_____hÐb_š___ö___÷___lÐb_ûSÉ_____hÐb_____IÊ¶_____vÚG_ìÓb_ìÓb__g³_êÓb_Ë_¶_IÊ¶_Ë___vÊ__¬Ê__PÚ__Èß__Êß__¦ç__ºç______‑êî ó÷¸íûõ è ýëèòàðíûõ ëèòåðàòîðîâ. Ñòèõè í ïîâåñòè î òàèíñòâåííîé ñòðàíå íà áåðåãàõ Íèëà ñòàëè ïå÷àòàòü è â óþòíûõ «äîìàøíèõ» æóðíàëàõ äëÿ ñåìåéíîãî ÷òåíèÿ.

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ÿùåííûõ ïðåäìåòàõ) çà÷àñòèòå âîñõîäÿò ÷åðåç àíòè÷íîñòü ê Åãèïòó. Ïîëó÷àåòñÿ, ÷òî äëÿ ïðàâèëüíîãî ïîíèìàíèÿ ñâîåé êóëüòóðû èíîãäà íåîáõîäèìåå âîçâðàòèòüñÿ â ïðîøëîå ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå íà ïÿòü òûñÿ÷ ëåò.

___(þb_À‰û¿€Œû¿ÿÿÿÿÔÏb_¬J÷¿____æôG_UlG_èÓb_èÏb_€®¶_|Ób__Ðb_dß³_h‹D_ØðG_ ___XØb_€®¶_Ë___0Ôb_=è³_Lè³_,Òb_‰Î¶___b_Ë_______________¬___8___<___»___„#__ˆ#__~+__€+__ =__ò=__fR__nR__öa__(b__b__ˆ__¾‡__ä‡__°Ž__Ì’__¦˜__ˆ™__’±__˜±__vÊ__¬Ê__PÚ__Èß__Êß__¦ç__ºç______‑ êîíöå ÷åòâåðòîãî òûñÿ÷åëåòèÿ äî í. ý. ïîä îáùåé âëàñòüþ öàðÿ. Îäíàêî êóëüò íîìîâûõ áîãîâ îêàçàëñÿ ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî óñòîé÷èâûì: îí äåðæàëñÿ äî ñàìîãî êîíöà èñòîðèè Äðåâíåãî Åãèïòà, óæå ñî÷åòàÿñü ñ ïîêëîíåíèåì îáùååãèïåòñêèì áîæåñòâàì.

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Ïðèìåðû ìîæíî ïðèâîäèòü áåç êîíöà. Ïî÷òè ëþáîé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü åãèïåòñêîé ôàóíû ïî÷èòàëñÿ â òîé èëè èíîé îáëàñòè (à íåêîòîðûå è ïî âñåé ñòðàíå). Òàê, â ñàìîì þæíîì íîìå—Ýëåôàíòèíå ïî÷èòàëè áàðàíà, â Äåíäåðå — êîðîâó, â Ñèóòå — øàêàëà, â Ãåðìîïîëå — èáèñà è ïàâèàíà, Ïb___9_àÓb_-ã³_ÐÏb___³_________________OJ__QJ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________íà Ïå — ï÷åëó. Èåðîãëèôû, èçîáðàæàþùèå ÷åòûðå ïîñëåäíèõ ñóùåñòâà, âïîñëåäñòâèè ñòàëè ñèìâîëèçèðîâàòü îáúåäèíåííûé Åãèïåò.

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Îãðîìíûì ïî÷èòàíèåì ïîëüçîâàëèñü òàêèå ïòèöû, êàê èáèñ, êîá÷èê, êîðøóí, à èç íàñåêîìûõ îñîáåííî íàâîçíûé æóê (ò. í. ñêàðàáåé).

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